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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a history of a high response, a high tolerance, and are safe throughout the entire life span. It is important to choose the right medication and dosage that relieves your or your child's symptoms without side negative effects. It can take a lot of trial and error, as well as an open communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. Students, athletes, artists, workers, and others use these drugs to improve their cognitive and performance. They are also used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), binge eating disorder, and other anxiety disorders. The most common stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. Immediate-release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. They can trigger a sudden, short-term decrease in energy called a crash when they have worn off. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medications also can increase heart rate and blood pressure in some people, especially when they don't eat enough. Extended-release drugs are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of 8-16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by a doctor when you're looking for long-lasting relief from symptoms without taking tablets several times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate medications. Another alternative is the methylphenidate long-acting patch called Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts throughout the day. This type of medication can be prescribed to adults who have ADHD and require a daily dosage that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medication does not cure ADHD but it can assist manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This permits the release of more neurotransmitters, which helps to improve the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors may prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is a good choice for people who have depression or anxiety. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Your doctor can change between stimulant and a non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't effective or has an unacceptably side effect. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce symptoms such as talking to others and fidgeting. They also enhance the social skills of employees and improve their performance. The stimulant medication starts working as soon as it crosses the blood-brain barriers that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant drugs contain one of two molecules called the methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants may cause side effects such as nausea, loss of appetite and increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics worse and can cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants, such as Strattera or Wellbutrin, are effective both at night and day. Short-acting medicines are only effective for a few hours. They can also help with other conditions like depression or anxiety. These medications work by changing the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if they're not broken down. This can impact your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting medications can have lesser negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe them in smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can consume once every day. Some adults may find this more convenient however, you must remember to take the stimulants every day. SSRIs and other medications have proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. They are typically prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD and around 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion, also called Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was found to be more efficient in a controlled research than placebos. These medications can have severe side effects like ringing in the ears anxiety, a change to vision and heart and lung function in some individuals. Short-acting Stimulant medications work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals aid people to control their behavior and focus. They are available in a variety of forms, and each has its own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medications amphetamines and methylphenidates. All have similar effects but differ in their duration of action. The methylphenidates are less effective and can last as long as three hours, whereas amphetamines are more long-lasting. Some people are better able to tolerate long-acting stimulant medications than those with short-acting stimulants, so your doctor may prescribe this type of medication. It is crucial to learn as much as possible about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, how often it should be taken, and any warnings. This will assist you and your physician decide on the right medication for you. These medications can also trigger adverse side effects, such as insomnia, or a loss of appetite. If these happen consult your physician about altering the dosage or using other medications. Adults with ADHD who don't respond well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant drugs that take longer to begin working but improve a person's ability to focus and control impulses. These drugs might be prescribed on their own or in conjunction with stimulants. The first is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, which controls the way we behave. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv), which belongs to a group of medications known as alpha agonists. These drugs work by preventing the reuptake process and increasing the amount of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure but has also been shown to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. adhd treatment without medication Iam Psychiatry includes stimulants that are depressant drugs such as the guanfacine and clonidine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain, and can decrease symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They can also prevent the withdrawal symptoms of stimulants. This combination could be dangerous however, if it is not used properly. Serotonin Syndrome is a drug emergency which occurs when there is a high concentration of serotonin in the body. This combination can also increase blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of using this drug are higher for those with pre-existing health conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease. Teenagers and young adults are increasingly consuming stimulant mixtures. These drugs, which are sold in pharmacies, are referred to by the term “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are extremely dangerous, especially if they are combined with alcohol or other substances. This is known as polydrug use, and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slower breathing, hallucinations, paranoia, seizures and addiction. A study showed that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy when treating ADHD. Combining medication increased the adherence of patients and helped them experience greater relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However some patients halted their treatment because of side effects. In some instances the medication was removed due to sleep issues or worsening of tics. This could be because of a poor diagnosis, or a lack of access to medication. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. These medications help improve the ability to focus and control impulses, but they don't work like stimulants do. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however they have a less chance of enhancing concentration and focus. In a variety of studies, in a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate produced better results than any drug on its own. The combination of these two medications was found to increase adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was also effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination may be a viable solution for children suffering from severe ADHD.